Use and maintenance of elevator guide shoes

In recent years, how to reduce the noise, improve the comfort, and reduce the leveling error of the elevators produced in China is worth studying.
The problem. There are many reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is how to choose, maintain and repair the guide shoes.


Improper specifications of the guide shoe and guide rails or improper assembly clearance and wear of the guide shoe lining can cause the car to shake or produce frictional sound, and even the guide shoe has the risk of coming off the guide rail.


1 type of guide shoe
1.1 car guide shoes


The guide shoe can be divided into a sliding guide shoe and a rolling guide shoe according to the movement mode of the guide shoe on the working surface of the guide rail.
The sliding guide shoe is fixed or floating according to the axial position of the boot, and can be divided into a fixed sliding guide shoe and an elastic sliding guide shoe.

The fixed sliding guide shoe (also known as the rigid sliding guide shoe) has a large clearance between the guide shoe and the guide rail, and generates a large vibration and impact during the movement, so it is usually used for an elevator of 1 m/s or less. However, it has a simple structure, good rigidity and strong carrying capacity, and is widely used on low-speed large-tonnage freight elevators with a load of more than 3000kg and a speed of less than 0.5m/s.


The elastic sliding guide shoe is further divided into a one-way floating spring type and a rubber spring type sliding guide shoe. For the one-way floating spring type sliding guide shoe, it can buffer in the direction perpendicular to the end face of the guide rail, but there is still a large gap between the work surface and the work side of the guide rail, which makes it to the side of the guide rail side. The vibration and impact in the direction did not slow down. The upper limit of the rated speed of the elevator using this guide shoe is 1.75 m/s. The rubber spring type elastic sliding guide shoe has a certain directionality due to the certain orientation of the boot head, so it also has a certain cushioning performance in the direction of the working side of the guide rail, and the working performance is superior, and the applicable elevator speed range is correspondingly increased.


The initial pressing force of the shoe lining of the elastic sliding guide shoe to the end face of the guide rail is adjustable, and the selection of the initial pressure mainly considers the partial gravity, which is related to the rated load of the elevator and the position of the car and the position of the center of gravity.


When the elastic sliding guide shoe lining wears, the contact pressure will decrease. In the case of a small amount of wear, the screw can be adjusted to push the boot forward, increase the contact pressure, and ensure the smooth running of the car, but the contact pressure Should not be too large, otherwise it will increase the resistance of the operation and accelerate the wear of the boot lining. The boot can be automatically rotated in the shoe. When the guide rail is not straight or the upper and lower ends of the shoe lining are unevenly worn, the slight swing of the boot can compensate for the car vibration or the rail. Some elevator manufacturers also supply two types of shoe linings, one of which is cast iron and is placed inside the boot for the initial use of the guide rail. One type is nylon, and the rails are worn up and then replaced by the user (using unit). The advantage is that the wear of the guide shoe can be slowed down, and the wear-resistant guide rail can improve the surface roughness of the guide rail and overcome the processing defects.


Rolling guide shoes Rolling guide shoes, also known as roller guide shoes, can reduce the between the guide shoes and the guide rails due to the rolling contact.
Frictional resistance, power saving, vibration and noise reduction, used in high-speed elevators and mining elevators (above 2m/s). The initial pressure of the roller to the guide rail is adjusted by adjusting the amount of compression of the spring. The roller should not be skewed on the guide rail and should be in uniform contact with the working surface of the guide rail over the entire rim width. When the car is running, the three rollers should roll at the same time to keep the car running smoothly.


The use of roller guide shoes does not allow lubrication on the working surface of the guide rails to avoid slipping. The sliding guide shoe needs to be lubricated to
Reduce frictional resistance. Usually, the oil tank is placed on the top of the two upper guide shoes, and the lubricating oil in the oil tank is evenly applied to the working surface of the guide rail through the felt to achieve automatic lubrication.


1.2 pairs of heavy boots
The heavy-duty boot structure is simpler than the car guide shoe. The sides of the boot are clamped with angles and the angles are mounted on the counterweight frame. The shoe lining has two structural forms depending on the material of manufacture.


2 Guide shoe repair and inspection
2.1 Guide shoe failure and troubleshooting


The elevator is shaking or rubbing during operation, which has many causes. Here, it is only proposed from the failure phenomenon of the guide shoe.
The causes and methods of elimination.
1) Foreign matter is caught in the shoe lining tank, and foreign matter should be removed and the boot lining should be cleaned.
2) The shoe lining is seriously worn, so that the metal cover at both ends is rubbed against the guide rail, and the boot lining should be replaced.
3) The gap between the working faces of the rails on both sides of the hoistway is too large, and the guide shoes should be adjusted to maintain the normal head clearance.
4) The shoe lining is unevenly worn or the wear is quite serious. The shoe lining should be replaced or the side lining of the inlay shoe lining should be adjusted to adjust the guide shoe.
The spring makes the pressure of the four guide shoes even.
5) The roller of the rolling guide shoe is unevenly worn, and the roller of the rolling guide shoe or the wheel of the vehicle should be replaced.


2.2 Guide shoe repair and inspection
1) The gap between the side of the shoe lining of the car guide shoe and the guide rail is 0.5 to 1 mm. The elastic sliding guide shoe lining has no gap with the top surface of the guide rail.
The adjustment range of the guide spring is not more than 5mm. The gap between the fixed sliding guide shoe lining and the top surface of the guide rail is 1~2mm. Redirect
The gap between the boot lining and the top surface of the guide rail is not more than 2.5mm. The gap between the roller and the guide rail of the rolling guide shoe is 1 to 2 mm.


2) Run the car and the counterweight at the same level and check the guide shoes on the car and the counterweight upper part. Swing the car back and forth to both sides or
For the counterweight frame, you can check the size of the backlash and the wear of the shoe lining, and also check the hardness of the spring. If the top gap is too large, the boot lining can be removed and shimmed on the top surface. If the side gap is too large, if it is a panel shoe lining, it can be screwed into the side shoe lining bolt to adjust the backlash. The integral boot lining can be adjusted on the back side of the shoe lining to make the gap* slightly larger, but for structural reasons, the effect is not as good as the insert type, so the best way is to replace the new boot lining.
Check the fastening of the guide shoe to the car frame and the counterweight frame. It is best to use a spring washer to prevent the nut from loosening.


3) The shoe lining is seriously worn, the gap is too large or the installation is skewed, which will cause the car to drive “ramp” phenomenon. The "啃道" phenomenon can be judged by the following signs: there is a narrow and bright trace on the side of the guide rail, and there are burrs on the trace when it is serious; the side of the boot lining is flared and has burrs; the car is driving, especially at the start. When the peace level is gone, twisting and twisting. The reason for the "ramp" is that the guide rail is twisted, skewed or loose; the upper and lower guide shoes are not centered and are inconsistent with the guide rail; the car frame is deformed or the shoe bolts are loose; the boot lining is too small in the boot. Shake.


4) Always pay attention to the lubrication of the guide rails and remove the dirt inside the boot lining in time. Clean the guide surface of the sliding guide shoe according to the regulations.
Refuel once a week and wash once a year. If there is HJ-40 lubricant for automatic refueling device, there is no calcium grease for automatic refueling device.


No lubrication is applied to the working surface of the rolling guide rail, but the working surface should be clean, and the roller should not be obviously slippery during operation.
phenomenon. Rolling guide shoe bearings are filled with calcium-based grease once a month and once every six months.